What is Cystoscopy?

Cystoscopy is a minimally invasive procedure used to examine the bladder and urethra for any issues. It involves inserting a thin tube with a camera, called a cystoscope, through the urethra into the bladder. Additionally, surgical tools can be inserted through the cystoscope to treat conditions during the examination. (1)

Types of Cystoscopy

1. Flexible Cystoscopy: Uses a thin, flexible cystoscope similar to a pen, which can bend to inspect the entire bladder and urethra. This type is usually performed in an outpatient clinic. (2)
2. Rigid Cystoscopy: Involves a rigid, metal cystoscope and is used for specific procedures like taking biopsies or injecting medication. This type is typically performed in a hospital under general anesthesia. (3)

Indications for Cystoscopy

A doctor may recommend cystoscopy if you experience urinary symptoms such as: (4)(5)

• Urinary retention or incontinence
• Severe pain during urination
• Blood in the urine
• Recurrent urinary tract infections
• Overactive bladder

Cystoscopy helps diagnose or treat various urinary system issues, including: (4)(5)

• Bladder or urethral cancer
• Bladder stones
• Bladder inflammation
• Urinary tract infections
• Bladder control disorders
• Ureteral stricture or fistula
• Benign prostatic hyperplasia

If you experience any urinary disorders, consult our specialized urology team at Saudi Hospital. Our experts are skilled in diagnosing and treating various urinary conditions, including performing cystoscopy.

Steps of Cystoscopy

Cystoscopy is a simple procedure that takes about 15-20 minutes and involves: (6)

1. Urinating to empty the bladder.
2. Using local or general anesthesia, depending on the type and purpose of the procedure.
3. Inserting a thin cystoscope with a camera through the urethra into the bladder.
4. The doctor examines the bladder and urethra on a nearby computer screen.
5. The bladder may be filled with water or saline to expand it for better visibility.
6. The doctor might perform additional procedures, such as taking a biopsy.

Post-procedure symptoms may include mild discomfort, frequent urge to urinate, or a small amount of blood in the urine. These symptoms generally last for one or two days and can be relieved by drinking plenty of fluids, using pain relievers as needed, or applying warm compresses to the urethra. (4)(7) You can usually go home the same day and resume normal activities the following day. (7)

Preparing for Cystoscopy

Preparation may vary based on the type and purpose of the cystoscopy. General instructions may include: (4)(5)

• Taking antibiotics before and after the procedure, especially if you have frequent urinary tract infections.
• Fasting the night before the procedure if general anesthesia is used.
• Informing your doctor about all medications you are taking.
• Stopping certain blood-thinning medications as directed by your doctor.
• Providing a urine sample on the day of the procedure to check for any infections.
• Urinating right before the procedure to ensure the bladder is empty.

Women should inform their doctor if they are pregnant, as some anesthesia medications may affect the fetus.

Risks of Cystoscopy

Cystoscopy is generally safe, but like any medical procedure, it carries some risks. Rare complications may include: (6)(8)

• Bladder or urinary tract infection
• Bleeding from the biopsy site
• Bladder perforation
• Anesthesia-related complications

Contact your doctor if you experience the following symptoms after cystoscopy: (4)(5)

• Severe pain at the urethra or during urination lasting more than two days
• Excessive bleeding in the urine
• Signs of infection (fever, chills, cloudy or foul-smelling urine)
• Reduced urine output or inability to urinate

Cystoscopy Results

Depending on the type of cystoscopy, the doctor may be able to diagnose the issue immediately and suggest the next steps, including further tests or treatments. If biopsies were taken, results might take some time to be available. (9)