The exact cause of keratoconus is unknown, but it is generally considered a hereditary condition, meaning it is inherited from one or both parents. This condition may be associated with allergic conditions such as atopic eczema and eye rubbing. It typically occurs in late adolescence to early twenties, but it can also develop at any age. Keratoconus is a progressive disorder that may develop quickly or over several years. It usually affects both eyes, although sometimes only one eye is involved. What Are the Symptoms of Keratoconus? Symptoms of keratoconus can include:

• Nearsightedness (Myopia)
• Blurred Vision: Even with glasses or contact lenses
• Astigmatism
• Night Glare
• Sensitivity to Light
• Eye Rubbing
• Frequent Changes in Glasses or Contact Lens Prescriptions

When Should You See a Doctor? You should consult your doctor if you experience these symptoms or signs:

• Eye pain when seeing lights
• Blurred vision
• Redness in the eyes
• Eye pain
• Nausea or vomiting

How Is Keratoconus Diagnosed? If you suspect you have keratoconus, it is important to see an eye doctor for an examination. The initial tests can help determine the cause of your vision problems. After initial tests, more detailed examinations might be necessary, such as:

• Eye Exam: Involves reading letters from different rows on a chart to measure your vision at various distances.
• Fundus Examination: Drops are placed in your eye to dilate the pupil. A special magnifying lens is used to look inside your eye to identify the cause of your vision issues.
• Slit Lamp Exam: Examines the outer structures of the eye, such as the cornea, eyelids, and conjunctiva, using a microscope with a slit lamp to detect any abnormalities.
• Intraocular Pressure Test: Measures the pressure inside the eye to check for other issues such as glaucoma.
• Corneal Topography: A computerized test that creates a map of the cornea’s curvature, helping to detect corneal abnormalities such as swelling or scarring.

How Is Keratoconus Treated? Treatment for keratoconus depends on its severity. Generally, treatment options include:

• Glasses or Contact Lenses: In mild cases, vision can be corrected with glasses or contact lenses.
• Corneal Ring Implants: Small plastic rings are inserted into the cornea to improve its shape and reduce visual distortion. This can be used alone or in conjunction with glasses or contact lenses.
• Surgery: In severe cases where traditional methods do not improve vision, surgical options such as corneal cross-linking may be recommended. This treatment stabilizes the cornea and prevents further progression. Consult your doctor to choose the best treatment for your condition.